Veins are blood vessels that take back deoxygenated blood from outer limbs and back to the heart and lungs. When veins become abnormally thick and get twists and turns, they become varicose veins. These types of veins can form anywhere in the body, but usually found in the legs more frequently. Veins can be superficial or can be deep. Superficial veins are close to the skin and can connect to deep veins. Deep veins are encased by muscles and connective tissue.
Symptoms
Some of the symptoms of varicose veins are an aching pain and discomfort in extremities. Others may experience an itching or burning sensation at the surface of the skin. The veins are blue or dark purple in color. The veins may appear twisted and bulging. The pain may worsen after sitting or standing for long periods of time.
Causes
Blood vessels have a valve that prevents backflow from occurring. With varicose veins, the valves are damaged or weak and can allow venous blood to return to the heart. When the valves don’t work, the blood pools in the vein, which causes the vein to twist and turn and bulge. Risk factors are definitely age-related. As you age, the risk for varicose veins increases, as the valves that regulate blood flow start to age and weaken. Women are more likely than men to develop varicose veins due to hormonal changes that can relax the vein walls. Pregnancy is a risk factor that enlarges veins in your legs due to an increase in blood volume. If you have a family history of varicose veins, you are more likely to experience varicose veins. Obesity is another risk factor, due to being overweight and putting pressure on the veins. If you stand or sit for long periods of time, you have a propensity to develop varicose veins.
Complications
Varicose veins are not only unsightly, but they can cause complications. One complication is ulcers, which can occur near varicose veins. Discoloration near the varicose vein area can be an ulcer and can cause blood loss if it is ruptured. Blood clots are also an issue near swollen varicose veins. If the area becomes painful and swollen, it may need medical attention. Veins close to the skin can also burst and cause minor bleeding, but it may require medical attention if the bleeding doesn’t stop easily.
Prevention
Prevention of varicose veins cannot totally be prevented, but you can reduce your risk. Exercising and watching your weight is a great way to keep varicose veins under control. High-fiber diets and low-salt diets are also a great way to keep your veins from swelling. Keeping your legs elevated and staying off of your feet for long periods of time is also important.
Treatment
Compression socks are a great option to keep blood funneling up to the heart, to prevent pooling of blood. Intense pulsed light can help treat veins and there is even surgery to reduce enlarged veins if they are bothersome to you.